Description
Additional Information
Paternity Tests
A home paternity test is a discreet and accurate way to determine whether someone is the biological father of a child or multiple children.
Included: 1 kit for the alleged father, 1 kit for the child, and 1 kit for the mother. If you have additional children that you wish to test, please use the “Additional Donors” to order the kits for them.
Paternity testing is a genetic analysis method used to determine the biological father of a child. The test compares the DNA of the alleged father and the child to determine if their DNA matches 50%. Children inherit 50% of their DNA from each parent. We strongly recommend testing the mother as it allows us to isolate the biological father’s contribution to the child’s DNA profile. By testing the mother, that results in a better quality and reporting with a higher probability of paternity for the true biological father. If the DNA from the alleged father matches the DNA from the child, the alleged father is concluded to be the biological father of the child, typically at a minimum probability of paternity of 99.95% or higher. If the DNA from the alleged father does not match the DNA from the child, the alleged father is excluded as the biological father, and this is reported as 0% probability of paternity.
Please be advised that the names of the participants WILL NOT be listed on the report as there is no verification of identity.
Maternity Tests
A home DNA test for maternity will determine whether the person being tested is the biological mother of the child or children.
Included: 1 kit for the alleged mother, 1 kit for the child, and 1 kit for the father. If you have additional children that you wish to test, please use the “Additional Donors” to order the kits for them.
A Maternity test compares the DNA of the alleged mother and child/children to determine if their DNA matches 50%. Children inherit 50% of their DNA from each parent. We strongly recommend testing the father as it allows us to isolate the biological mother’s contribution to the child’s DNA profile. By testing the father, that results in a better quality and reporting with a higher probability of maternity for the true biological mother. If the DNA from the alleged mother does not match the DNA from the child, the alleged mother is excluded as the biological mother; this is reported as 0% probability of maternity.
When the DNA does match, then the alleged mother is concluded to be the biological mother of the child, typically at a minimum probability of maternity of 99.95% or higher.
Please be advised that the names of the participants WILL NOT be listed on the report as there is no verification of identity.
Y-STR Tests
Y-STR DNA testing is a forensic genetic analysis method that analyzes the Y-chromosome, which is passed from father at time of conception and remains relatively unchanged from generation to generation. This type of testing is particularly useful for tracing male ancestry and can also be used to establish biological relationships between men.
Included: 2 kits, 1 for each male.
A male will pass along his Y-Chromosome to his male children and therefore, Y-STR DNA testing can be used to verify relationships between male relatives based on their paternal lineage (male line). It can be useful in cases when the alleged father is missing, for reunification in adoption cases, as well as for the identification of male biological family members. Y-STR tests can only be performed with male individuals. Common participants include a son’s possible nephews and uncles (brothers of the alleged father), brothers, and paternal grandfather. It is important to note that this test only determines the likelihood that two males are related through a paternal lineage relative to the likelihood of them being unrelated. The direct/specific relationship between males cannot be determined.
These tests are not as conclusive as Paternity/Maternity testing. The statistical result will only speak to the likelihood of the alleged biological relationship relative to the likelihood of NO biological relationship. It is important to note that there is a possibility that the final results may be inconclusive/uninformative.
Please be advised that the names of the participants WILL NOT be listed on the report as there is no verification of identity.
Twins Tests
Determine whether twins are identical or fraternal. Fraternal twins are reported the same as full siblings would be.
Included: 2 kits, 1 for each sibling.
Twin Zygosity DNA testing will determine likelihood that two individuals are identical twins relative to the likelihood that they are fraternal twins. Identical twins should have the exact same DNA profile. This is because they come from one fertilized egg, called a zygote. The zygote, which usually develops into one child, grows and splits early in development to form two embryos. By comparison, fraternal twins on average share only 50% of the same DNA since two separate sperm fertilize two separate eggs. Typically the results of this DNA test are used to satisfy personal curiosity. However there are health reasons for which this test would be beneficial. In the event that one sibling requires an organ or tissue transplant, twin zygosity test results may be used as a guide in determining whether his/her twin could be a donor. If the twins are identical, each would be a perfect match donor for one another.
Siblings Tests
A sibling DNA test can provide peace of mind to individuals who are unsure about their biological relationship with their alleged siblings.
Full Siblings Tests
Full siblings share both of their biological parents.
Included: 2 kits, 1 for each sibling. If you have additional siblings tested, please use the “Additional Donors” to order the kits for them.
Half Siblings Tests
Half siblings will only have one common (shared) biological parents.
Included: 2 kits, 1 for each sibling. If you have additional siblings tested, please use the “Additional Donors” to order the kits for them.
Full Siblings
In a sibship DNA test, two individuals are tested to determine whether they share one or both of their biological parents. Full siblings share both of their biological parents. The statistical result speaks to the likelihood of the alleged sibling relationship relative to the likelihood of no biological relationship. In general, full siblings should share more DNA than half-siblings (on average full siblings share 50% of their DNA). However, there is a possibility that two true siblings do not share any DNA from their parents. In these situations, the reported statistic would be low. In fact, it could be so low as to indicate the siblings are not related, when in fact they are. In some cases, a sibship test can lead to inconclusive/uninformative results and additional testing may be required.
Half Siblings
Half-siblings will only have one common (shared) biological parent. Half-siblings should share more DNA than any two random, unrelated individuals (on average half-siblings share 25% of their DNA). The statistical result speaks to the likelihood of the alleged sibling relationship relative to the likelihood of no biological relationship. Please see the limitations of the testing.
These tests are not as conclusive as Paternity/Maternity testing. The statistical result will only speak to the likelihood of the alleged biological relationship relative to the likelihood of NO biological relationship.
It is important to note that there is a possibility that the final results may be inconclusive/uninformative. Please be advised that the names of the participants WILL NOT be listed on the report as there is no verification of identity.
Grandparentage Tests
Get clarity if you are indeed the grandparents of your grandchild or grandchildren. This test uses samples from the grandmother, grandfather, and grandchild to confirm the accuracy of grandparentage. We do recommend that the mother also submit a sample as it allows us to identify the maternal genes that the child inherited from the mother. Grandchildren have an average of 25% of their DNA from each grandparent.
Included: 1 kit for the grandfather, 1 kit for the grandmother, 1 kit for the child and 1 kit for the mother.
In situations where the alleged parent (alleged father or alleged mother) of a child is unavailable for testing (e.g. the alleged parent is deceased or unwilling to participate), both of the alleged parent’s known biological parents can be tested to determine whether they are the true biological grandparents of the child. The test will determine whether or not the alleged grandfather and the alleged grandmother, together, possess the genetic markers that must be contributed to the child by his/her biological grandparents. As such, full grandparentage DNA testing is considered a conclusive DNA test.Half Grandparentage
A single Grandparentage DNA test (when only one alleged grandparent is tested) is used to determine the statistical weight for a grandparent-grandchild relationship between two individuals.These tests are not as conclusive as Paternity/Maternity testing. The statistical result will only speak to the likelihood of the alleged biological relationship relative to the likelihood of NO biological relationship. It is important to note that there is a possibility that the final results may be inconclusive/uninformative.Please be advised that the names of the participants WILL NOT be listed on the report as there is no verification of identity.
Aunt or Uncle Tests
Also known as ‘avuncular’ testing, aunts and uncles are often tested to verify extended family relationships when the biological parents are deceased or otherwise not available for testing. The results will show the probability of a relationship between the people tested.
Included: 1 kit for the aunt/uncle, 1 kit for the niece/nephew.
Full Avuncular
A full aunt/uncle DNA test is used to determine the statistical weight for an aunt/uncle and niece/nephew relationship between two individuals. “Full” means that the alleged aunt/uncle shares both of their biological parents with the alleged parent of the niece/nephew. The statistical result for the test will speak to the likelihood of the alleged biological relationship relative to the likelihood of no biological relationship.
Half Avuncular
A half aunt/uncle DNA test is used to determine the statistical weight for an aunt/uncle and niece/nephew relationship between two individuals. “Half” means that the alleged aunt/uncle shares one of their biological parents with the alleged parent of the niece/nephew. The statistical result for the test will speak to the likelihood of the alleged biological relationship relative to the likelihood of no biological relationship. Please see the limitations of the testing.
On average, aunts/uncles and their nieces/nephews (or grandparents and their grandchildren) share approximately 25% of their DNA, however, there is a possibility that an aunt/uncle and their niece/nephew or a grandparent and their grandchild do not share any DNA. In these situations, the reported statistic would be low. In fact the reported statistic could be so low as to indicate the tested individuals are not related, when in fact they are.
These tests are not as conclusive as Paternity/Maternity testing. The statistical result will only speak to the likelihood of the alleged biological relationship relative to the likelihood of NO biological relationship. It is important to note that there is a possibility that the final results may be inconclusive/uninformative.
Please be advised that the names of the participants WILL NOT be listed on the report as there is no verification of identity.